Disease Introduction
1. Introduction: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is caused by structural and functional damage to cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and nerve plexuses due to factors such as compression, traction, cutting, ischemia, and immune disorders. According to the Seddon classification, it is divided into nerve apraxia, axonal rupture, and total nerve rupture. It covers injuries to the radial nerve, ulnar nerve, common peroneal nerve, sciatic nerve, etc. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is classified as flaccid paralysis, muscle paralysis, and collateral injury.
2. Pathological Mechanism: Distal injuries result in Wallerian degeneration, axonal disintegration, myelin sheath fragmentation, Schwann cell proliferation, and macrophage clearance of debris; mild injuries only cause segmental demyelination and conduction block; axonal rupture may preserve the epineurium and perineurium; complete nerve rupture leads to neuroma formation at the severed ends, and axonal regeneration is disordered; long-term denervation induces muscle atrophy, microcirculatory disturbances, and secondary neuropathic pain. Traditional Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis: Trauma leads to obstruction of the meridians; prolonged illness results in deficiency of qi and blood, loss of nourishment of muscles and tendons, obstruction of the meridians, and disharmony of the nutritive and defensive qi.
3. Core symptoms: flaccid muscle weakness and muscle atrophy in the area innervated by the damaged nerve; sensory disturbances (numbness, decreased sensation, hyperalgesia, burning pain); autonomic nerve abnormalities, cold skin, anhidrosis, pigmentation; weakened or absent tendon reflexes; Tinel's sign can help assess nerve regeneration.
Cutting-edge high-precision diagnostic and treatment technologies
1. High-resolution neuro-ultrasound + electromyography combined with precise localization technology: dual-modal assessment to accurately determine the lesion plane, lesion type, and neuroma, providing objective quantitative basis for treatment plan formulation.
2. Microsurgical neurosurgical repair techniques: microscopic epineurial/perineural anastomosis; long-segment defects are repaired by autologous nerve transplantation and biodegradable nerve conduit bridging to restore nerve continuity.
3. Image-guided peripheral nerve pulse radiofrequency modulation: Ultrasound-guided targeted modulation of damaged nerve trunks, without destruction, reduces neuroinflammatory response, inhibits abnormal discharge, and promotes myelin repair. It is used for intractable neuropathic pain after injury and cases of repair arrest.
4. Implantable peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PNS): Minimally invasive implantation of electrodes, closed-loop electrical stimulation promotes axonal regeneration and inhibits neuropathic pain, suitable for persistent sensory abnormalities and neuroma pain after repair.
5. Precise physical factors + closed-loop exercise rehabilitation: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and functional electrical stimulation delay disuse atrophy of target muscles and reshape neuromuscular transmission pathways.
